integer literal
Allows values of integer type to be used in expressions directly.
Contents |
[edit] Syntax
An integer literal is a primary expression of the form
| decimal-literal integer-suffix(optional) | (1) | ||||||||
| octal-literal integer-suffix(optional) | (2) | ||||||||
| hex-literal integer-suffix(optional) | (3) | ||||||||
| binary-literal integer-suffix(optional) | (4) | (since C++14) | |||||||
where
- decimal-literal is a non-zero decimal digit (
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9), followed by zero or more decimal digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) - octal-literal is the digit zero (
0) followed by zero or more octal digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) - hex-literal is the character sequence
0xor the character sequence0Xfollowed by one or more hexadecimal digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,A,b,B,c,C,d,D,e,E,f,F) - binary-literal is the character sequence
0bor the character sequence0Bfollowed by one or more binary digits (0,1) - integer-suffix, if provided, may contain one or both of the following (if both are provided, they may appear in any order:
- unsigned-suffix (the character
uor the characterU) - either the long-suffix (the character
lor the characterL) or the long-long-suffix (the character sequencellor the characterLL)
- unsigned-suffix (the character
Optional single quotes(') may be inserted between the digits as a separator, they are ignored by the compiler. |
(since C++14) |
[edit] Explanation
The following variables are initialized to the same value:
int d = 42; int o = 052; int x = 0x2a; int X = 0X2A; int b = 0b101010;
The following variables are also initialized to the same value:
unsigned long long l1 = 18446744073709550592ull; unsigned long long l2 = 18'446'744'073'709'550'592llu; unsigned long long l3 = 1844'6744'0737'0955'0592uLL; unsigned long long l4 = 184467'440737'0'95505'92LLU;
[edit] The type of the literal
The type of the integer literal is the first type in which the value can fit, from the list of types which depends on which numeric base and which integer-suffix was used.
| Types allowed for integer literals | ||
|---|---|---|
| suffix | decimal bases | hexadecimal or octal bases |
| no suffix | int long int |
int unsigned int |
u or U
|
unsigned int unsigned long int |
unsigned int unsigned long int |
l or L
|
long int (until C++11) unsigned long int (until C++11) |
long int unsigned long int |
both l/L and u/U
|
unsigned long int unsigned long long int |
unsigned long int unsigned long long int |
ll or LL
|
long long int | unsigned long int unsigned long long int |
both ll/LL and u/U
|
unsigned long long int | unsigned long long int |
If the value of the integer literal is too big to fit in any of the types allowed by suffix/base combination and the compiler supports extended integer types (such as __int128) the literal may be given the extended integer type -- otherwise the program is ill-formed.
[edit] Notes
Letters in the integer literals are case-insensitive: 0xDeAdBaBeU and 0XdeadBABEu represent the same number (one exception is the long-long-suffix, which is either ll or LL, never lL or Ll)
There are no negative integer literals. Expressions such as -1 apply the unary minus operator to the value represented by the literal, which may involve implicit type conversions.
In C prior to C99 (but not in C++), unsuffixed decimal values that do not fit in long int are allowed to have the type unsigned long int.
[edit] Example
#include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << 123 << '\n' << 0123 << '\n' << 0x123 << '\n' << 0b10 << '\n' << 12345678901234567890ull << '\n' << 12345678901234567890u << '\n'; // the type is unsigned long long even // without a long long suffix // std::cout << -9223372036854775808 << '\n'; // error: the value // 9223372036854775808 cannot fit in signed long long, which is the // biggest type allowed for unsuffixed decimal integer literal std::cout << -9223372036854775808u << '\n'; // unary minus applied to unsigned // value subtracts it from 2^64, this gives 9223372036854775808 std::cout << -9223372036854775807 - 1 << '\n'; // correct way to calculate // the value -9223372036854775808 }
Output:
123 83 291 2 12345678901234567890 12345678901234567890 9223372036854775808 -9223372036854775808